Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence in the Gulf Cooperation Council States
Introduction
Thyroid cancer is one of the many malignant endocrine tumors that often occur worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN, thyroid cancer was the 11th most prevalent type of cancer in terms of new cases and deaths in 2008. (2018). In 2018, there were 41,071 new fatalities from thyroid cancer (or 0.4% of all cancer cases), compared to 567,233 new cases (3.1% of all cancer cases). 2018 (Bray et al.). (Bray et al.). Thyroid cancer is more common than ever, with new cases increasing from 2.1% in 2012 to 3.1% in 2018 (Grimm, 2017). 2018 (Bray et al.). In addition to comorbid conditions like chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, research has also identified environmental and lifestyle factors like increased iodine intake, radiation, nitrates, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor diet as risk factors for thyroid cancer (Liu, Su, &Xiao, 2017). It’s possible that there has been a natural increase in thyroid cancer instances or that there are better detection techniques, such as biopsy and imaging (Liu, Su, &Xiao, 2017).
The current study’s major focus is the prevalence of thyroid cancer in the Gulf states. Thyroid cancer was the second most common malignancy in the Gulf States in 2002, after Bahrain and Kuwait. In Bahrain and Kuwait, thyroid cancer was classified as the third most common (Al-Zahrani & Ravichandran, 2007). A systematic evaluation found that the incidence was 6.18 percent in Libya and 47.34 percent in Saudi Arabia (Al Shahrani et al., 2016). Like other parts of the world, the Gulf region has a high risk of thyroid cancer, probably due to embracing western culture (Al Shahrani et al., 2016).
Because there is limited evidence available regarding the prevalence of thyroid cancer throughout the Gulf region, it is crucial to perform another analysis of the issue (Al Shahrani et al., 2016). It is crucial to assess and monitor the incidence rate of thyroid cancer in the Gulf. Finding current trends and variations in cancer incidence throughout time is also essential (Al-Othman et al., 2015).