Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of sickness and mortality in developed countries. At least three million people every year die from the illness worldwide. This non-communicable disease is considered to be responsible for one million mortality in America. Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most severe types of coronary disease. It is classified into two categories based on the electrocardiogram’s findings: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (Morrow, 2017). Myocardial infarction is frequently misdiagnosed as a heart attack. However, the syndrome is distinct, and cardiac arrest—especially when the heart is not functioning properly—defines it. Therefore, the condition may cause mortality if other organs quit functioning.
Etiology
The condition known as acute myocardial infarction is frequently caused by an imbalance in the amount of oxygen available and the amount needed. To put it another way, myocardial ischemia occurs when the body’s oxygen supply cannot keep up with the demand. An atherosclerotic plaque ruptures to generate a thrombosis, often known as a blood clot in the veins (Jaski, 2015). The amount of oxygenated blood that circulates in the body’s organs is impacted by blood clots in the circulatory system because decreased coronary blood flow occurs as a result.
Risk Factors
Many factors contribute to the development of this cardiovascular condition. These components might include:
Age: Males 45 years of age and older are more likely than women of the same age or older to have an acute myocardial infarction (Mechanic & Grossman, 2019).
Tobacco: Prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke, both firsthand and secondhand, increases the risk of a sudden myocardial infarction.
High blood pressure: People with chronic hypertension may suffer damage to the arteries that “supply” their hearts.